The Effects of Population Density on the Reproduction and...

Abstract The population dynamics of Daphnia magna are observed under three different conditions; low, medium, and high density. The effects of different population densities on the survivorship and reproduction of Daphnia are observed over a two-week period within a lab environment. Over the two week period, the numbers of parent Daphnia alive and dead are recorded daily, along with the amount of offspring produced each day. From the main parameter investigated, the net reproductive rate, the results of the experiment support that higher densities result in less successful reproduction and decreased fecundity. Values for the instantaneous growth rate of the populations also suggests that low and medium density populations allow for†¦show more content†¦This can explain why growth and survivorship seem to remain constant within a population regardless of resource availability. Ban et al. (2009) also found that Daphnia pulex grown under crowded conditions grew much more slowly tha n those that were grown alone, even when the food supply was sufficient. The individuals grown in a high density population were also observed to have a smaller net reproductive rate, due to the essential need for them to conserve resources necessary for their own survival. These sources, as well as the results obtained from our experiment, support the claim that higher population densities result in reduced rates of reproduction and decreased chances of survival. Methods The experiment took place in a laboratory setting, and the first step was obtaining sixty individual Daphnia magna (that were neither adults nor tiny offspring) from a large tank in the lab. These individuals were equally divided into three groups; low density, medium density, and high density. The twenty Daphnia assigned to the low density group were split into four groups of five and pipetted into one of four tubes filled with 10mL of Chlamydomonas algae. The twenty Daphnia assigned to the medium density group were split into two groups of ten and placed into one of two tubes also filled up to 10mL with Chlamydomonas. The final twenty Daphnia were all placed into a single tube filled with 10mL of the algae. In order to avoid suffocation-related

Chapter Analysis Mulan Essay - 1252 Words

Casey Kirk Ms. Clarke English 1301 20 October 2016 Bring Honor to us all In Walt Disney’s, Mulan, the classic story tells the tale of a young woman in China who decides step up and fight in fear that her disabled father will be drafted. As a girl living under a patriarchal regime, she is aware that she is not allowed to serve. Mulan defies the odds of a stereotypical girls by impersonating a man and sets off to train with the other recruits. As Mulan overcomes many challenges, she uses her talents to help defeat the Huns along with falling in love with the captain. Through the character Mulan, the film focuses on overcoming gender stereotypes and embracing individuality. The Disney classic allows young children to believe that they are capable to do whatever they set their minds to no matter the circumstance or their gender. The movie begins with the main character, Mulan, being prepared to be chosen as a bride by a suitable man. Within the social system that Mulan lives in, this is the only way that honor can be brought to her family. The roles of women in China’s society are different from the expectations which males are to uphold. Mulan’s family and the towns people sing together stating that the best she can to bring honor is to become a wife â€Å"with good taste [be] calm, obedient†¦, good breading and have a tiny waist† (Mulan). In this same scene the men’s acceptations are spelled out much differently when the song says, â€Å"we all must serve our emperor, who guardsShow MoreRelatedA Critical Analysis Of Disney s Mulan2002 Words   |  9 Pages Being True to Yourself: A critical analysis of Disney’s Mulan Disney has long been recognized as a studio that creates premium entertainment for the whole family. For decades, the classic fairy tales, told for centuries, were brought to life with beautiful artistic renderings that left audiences captivated in awe. 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My First Day at Work Free Essays

Will Fu Interactive: Core Lab 1 February 2010 Interface, defined by the dictionary as a common boundary or interconnection between systems, equipment, concepts, or human beings. It is what allows two very different objects to share a connection. How can the word interface be applied to exhibits at museums? I quickly realized that answer after paying a visit to the American Museum of Natural History. We will write a custom essay sample on My First Day at Work or any similar topic only for you Order Now At the museum, there are these galleries consisting of various taxidermies of animals. Each animal had its own display case and the case was decorated and painted to look as close to its natural habitat as possible. As I stop to look at these animals in their display cases and appreciate the work that the artists put in to emulate its surroundings, I began to feel as if I am in the plains of Africa, standing next to a zebra, or in the deep woods of the Rocky Mountains in front of a Grizzly Bear. I began to imagine what it would be like if I were actually at these places that these animals lived. Then as I walk into the oceanic section, they had the same setup for the marine life. There was this particular showcase that for some reason was so powerful to me that it sent chills down my spine. It was of a whale and a giant squid tangled in a deep-sea battle. The longer I stared at it the more I felt this battle was actually happening in front of me as if any moment, these two animals going to come to life. The reason I chose to talk about these animal showcases is because the way that it made me feel. The animals posed so naturally and the realistic installations served as an interface between me and the deep-sea animals and the wildlife of the jungle. I think these showcases are good examples of interface in museums because it helped me visualize what these places are like in real life. How to cite My First Day at Work, Papers

Role of Social Media Applications-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Social Networks in Business. Answer: Introduction The use of social media and social networking sites has risen which has resulted in increased customer base across the globe. Using social networks is also of huge importance in developing strong communication between the organisation and the consumers. Social networks have brought transformation in the way the business entities perform and operate. There are numerous authors that have highlighted the impact, pros and cons of social networks on the business in the past literature. Project Objective The aim of this study is to analyze and comprehend the advantages, disadvantages and impact of the social networks on the businesses. The objective of the literature review is to provide insights about the key benefits as well as drawbacks of taking use of social networks in the businesses. To understand the role of social network in improving customer engagement Project Scope There is a vital role of social media applications, social networks and the various recognized social platforms for developing the business organisations and to achieve increased global presence. Irrespective of the size whether large, medium or small, all types of business enterprises and influenced by the presence of social networks either in a positive or a negative manner. Internet is considered as significant part of the human lives without which they are sound incomplete in the present scenario as it serves various purpose such as shopping, mailing, educational work, employment, etc. The rapidly increasing use of the social networks and internet has demonstrated a significant growth of the technological sector as it has an extreme optimistic impact for the business organizations and the entrepreneurs to achieve upsurge global presence (Celine, 2012). Literature Review There are several meanings of social network in the general sense which has been explained by the researchers in context with different scenarios but to understand it from the business perspective, social network is the interpersonal relationship between the business organization and the other individuals whether being customers or other group of people (Kadushin, 2012). Existence of social network in the business is because of two key reasons i.e. for the transferring of information and for facilitating that info. Maximum of the organisations are taking use of the social networks for managing their marketing functions. It is essential for the marketing executive of the organizations to comprehend and analyze the cons and pros of using social networks for the business purpose (Parveen, 2012). The application of social network can be more explained as the source by which there is interaction among the key customers and the organisations or the businesses which includes the development , sharing and generation of the various business contents. Earlier the media was helpful in terms of offering the content only but in present time with innovative technologies and social networks there is increased support of the social network sin promoting the businesses and the associated products and the services. It is very helpful is achieving high customer engagement and involvement. The researchers have emphasized on wide variety of the social media that initiates from the personal social networks like yammer, social cast, and jive to the extensive social networks that comprises of recognized names like Facebook, LinkedIn and various other. The social networks that offer wide range of information i.e. the content social networks that include YouTube, Wikis, etc. YouTube (Casson and Giusta, 2007). (Source: Paniagua and Bolufer, 2014) The authors have developed a theoretical framework upon the impact of social network and social media on the business performance. According to this framework there are various social media sites and platforms that offer the chance to build a strong social network which has a direct impact upon the businesses which can be both positive and negative. The business associates or entrepreneurs choose the most preferred and appropriate channel of social network for satisfying the needs of the business and to have continuous growth. The authors and researchers have identified numerous advantages and positive outcomes of taking use of social network in the businesses (Harris and Rae, 2009). The key and the most recognized advantage is the extensive reach to increased number of customer bases. It has been observed that all the organisations are not much financial sound and thus there is lack of capital investment which results in barricades on the path of organizational success and business expansion. In that case, the use of social networks helps them in building a strong and big channel with no or just limited cost (Celine, 2012). With the support of social media technologies and the social networks in the business, there can be effective selling of the products and services at various regions of the world. Targeting the overseas potential customers becomes feasible and easy through the use of social networks. Therefore, it can be stated that the use of social networks helps the businesses and specifically one with small scale operations to have increased customer bases and global presence (Park, Kee and Valenzuela, 2009). The next advantage of social network highlighted by the authors in their literature is the flexible approach. Because of the issues such as restricted capital and less known brand name in the international regions, there are numerous trade restrictions that act as the barricade for the businesses to have a sustainable global expansion. With the occurrence of the social networking, these issues has been resolved as with the having combined use of social networks and businesses practices there is no rigidity and barricades in entering global markets as it has developed several platforms on which business trades can take place (Michaelidou, Siamagka and Christodoulides, 2011). In the online market as an initiative of social network, there is no kind of entry restrictions and the trade barriers and also if offers advantage of having a reach to large business platforms without offering any kind of monetary fee to these platforms for initiating business. This gives an additional advantage to the small enterprises to serve globally and have development of their business. Another benefit of social networks is that these networks support in enhancing the brand loyalty (Cross, et al., 2004). The more and high the number of followers there will be, there is probability that these customers will have a reliability towards the brand. The potential customers or the individuals who follow the brand by the mains of social networks are the most potential customers of the business and social networks offers the advantage to the business to have followers from across the world (Kirti? and Karahan, 2011). With the increased brand visibility through social networking sites, the customers get connected to the brand and it results in increase sales and market share and brand recognition. It is utmost difficult to analyze and evaluate the competitors moves and strategies (Parveen, 2012). With the help of the social networks it is easy to get info about the strategic and competitive mo ves of other organisations. It is the key advantage of social network for the businesses to fetch relevant info about the taste and need of the customers and information about the key competitors. And therefore, it helps the organisation in formulating adequate strategies to sustain the market competition (Valente, 2010). (Source: Kash, 2013) Many of the researchers have emphasized on one of the primary advantage of social networks i.e. to build strong association by the means of trust, efficiency, relevance and access. To achieve increase sustainability, the businesses required support from the social connections for growing. Access to a broader set of consumers is by the means of an effective communication channel. Social networks benefit the businesses by developing a two way communication where there is high involvement of the customers (Cheung, Chiu and Lee, 2011). The improved association and building of association results in attaining more number of reliable customers as the two way communication helps in solving the issues of the customers. These customer groups because of regular interaction and engagement do not easily switch to the competitors products and because of social network stay connected to the businesses. Another technological advantage attained by the businesses is that the rates of conversion becom es higher as because of an enlarged area for business trading, the companies have numerous opportunities to diversify their existing business and try something new (Leonardi, Huysman and Steinfield, 2013). There are numerous ways with the help of which the business can achieve increase visibility and recognition such as content, various blog posts, images, comments and videos. All these things are the part of social networking that offers promotional advantages to the businesses. With higher conversion arte and robust social networks, the possibility of modifications in the business operations increases and thus, there are several opportunities for the businesses to go for (Edosomwan, et al., 2011). The businesses can manage the production and sakes of the products which are not in high demand or can increase the supply of the products that have huge demand. All these data can be easily gathered by the means of social networks that whether people have liked the products and services or not. Other few advantages of special networks in business comprises of increased efficiency as relevant info is collected in a more rapid way, relevant connections as through sound social networks there can be develop strong presence which helps in finding adequate vendors or suppliers, achieving modifications in the operations and extended network (Molina?Morales and Martnez?Fernndez, 2010). By having a different view point; few authors have demonstrated the negative implications of the social networks in the business in their research and literature. There has been emphasized the disadvantages of social networking in the businesses such as the key drawback is negative feedback from the customers side. To maintain and manage the goodwill of the brand image is the most essential element for the small as well as for the big companies. The customers analyze the products and services by its brand image. To achieve long term sustainability and high number of customers, it is essential to have a strong brand image (Sashi, 2012). With the global reach aspect of social networks, if the consumers have posted negative feedbacks, comments or any such thing then it turns out to be disgraceful for the businesses as the brand imaged gets deteriorate (Shabbir, Ghazi and Mehmood, 2016). It affects the potential customer who were about to buy the products but due to negative publicity th ey does not purchase products from that specific brand as the get impacted because of the negative reviews. Therefore, the business possesses a great threat of getting the brand image ruined. There are also other various disadvantages of the social network for the businesses as highlighted by the authors in the next part. With the arguments against the above explained positive side of social networking in the businesses, the authors have highlights another disadvantage of social networking that it is very much time consuming (Gronum, Verreynne and Kastelle, 2012). The authors explained that instead of capital consuming, the social networks are time consuming as there is a need of large amount of time for managing the social networks on a regular basis. For developing robust social presence, the businesses require to spend high amount of efforts and time. For small enterprises it becomes difficult to manage as there is less number of people to manage all the activities. Thus, the shortage of time results in restricted growth. Another disadvantage of social network in business is to possess adequate and in-depth knowledge of the aspect before indulging in this. The most prevalent disadvantage is the select ion of an adequate social network (Vsquez and Escamilla, 2014). There is need of effective evaluat ion to understand that out of all the social networks which will be the most suitable and competent one. If an inappropriate network is selected then it can result in wastage of time and resources, staying uncompetitive as well as reduces the number of opportunities available for growing the business due to the past results. Thus, it is a must that the businesses must perform an appropriate analysis of the social networks as per the needs of the businesses so that they can be utilized in the most efficient manner (Hensel and Deis, 2010). Conclusion Social networks are considered as the innovative way for the development of the businesses. The businesses in present time are taking increased use of the social networks for having an expanded customer base and global reach. From the overall analysis and insights from literature, it can be concluded that use of social networks in the businesses has numerous positive implication as well as some negative impacts too. There are both challenges and opportunities the social networking offers to the businesses and it depends upon the way social networks are applied and use which determines the success or failure of the business operations. It can be stated that social networking is considered as the potential tool for growing and developing the businesses rapidly (Qualman, 2010). Other than the benefits like increased promotion, advertising and publicity, there are also certain other advantages of social networks for the businesses such as global reach, offering opportunities for achievin g diversity, increased number of customers, brand loyalty, etc. As per the insights drawn from the literature it can be concluded that the businesses must be extremely careful while opting out for any social network to take use in the business as the outcomes completely depends upon the selection approach. Thus, to achieve maximum benefits, the organisations and the businesses must analyze the pros and cons if the social networks in an in-depth manner. References Casson, M. and Giusta, M.D., 2007. Entrepreneurship and social capital: Analysing the impact of social networks on entrepreneurial activity from a rational action perspective.International Small Business Journal,25(3), pp.220-244. Celine, A.R.C.A., 2012. Social Media Marketing benefits for businesses.Master of International Marketing. Cheung, C.M., Chiu, P.Y. and Lee, M.K., 2011. Online social networks: Why do students use facebook?.Computers in Human Behavior,27(4), pp.1337-1343. Cross, R., Parker, A., Christensen, C.M., Anthony, S.D. and Roth, E.A., 2004.The hidden power of social networks. Audio-Tech Business Book Summaries, Incorporated. Edosomwan, S., Prakasan, S.K., Kouame, D., Watson, J. and Seymour, T., 2011.The history of social media and its impact on business.Journal of Applied Management and entrepreneurship,16(3), p.79. Greve, A. and Salaff, J.W., 2003. Social networks and entrepreneurship.Entrepreneurship theory and practice,28(1), pp.1-22. Gronum, S., Verreynne, M.L. and Kastelle, T., 2012.The role of networks in small and medium?sized enterprise innovation and firm performance.Journal of Small Business Management,50(2), pp.257-282. Harris, L. and Rae, A., 2009. Social networks: the future of marketing for small business.Journal of business strategy,30(5), pp.24-31. Hensel, K. and Deis, M.H., 2010. Using social media to increase advertising and improve marketing.The Entrepreneurial Executive,15, p.87. Kadushin, C., 2012.Understanding social networks: Theories, concepts, and findings. OUP USA. Kash, W., 2013.Why Social Media Networks Are Gaining A Greater Role In IT Decisions.Accessed on: 1st August, 2017. Accessed from: https://breakinggov.com/2013/01/08/social-media-networks-gain-greater-role-in-it-decisions/ Kirti?, A.K. and Karahan, F., 2011.To be or not to be in social media arena as the most cost-efficient marketing strategy after the global recession.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,24, pp.260-268. Leonardi, P.M., Huysman, M. and Steinfield, C., 2013. Enterprise social media: Definition, history, and prospects for the study of social technologies in organizations.Journal of Computer?Mediated Communication,19(1), pp.1-19. Michaelidou, N., Siamagka, N.T. and Christodoulides, G., 2011. Usage, barriers and measurement of social media marketing: An exploratory investigation of small and medium B2B brands.Industrial marketing management,40(7), pp.1153-1159. Molina?Morales, F.X. and Martnez?Fernndez, M.T., 2010. Social networks: effects of social capital on firm innovation.Journal of Small Business Management,48(2), pp.258-279. Paniagua, J. and Bolufer, J.S., 2014. Business performance and social media: Love or hate. Accessed on: 1st August, 2017. Accessed from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259621739_Business_performance_and_social_media_Love_or_hate Park, N., Kee, K.F. and Valenzuela, S., 2009.Being immersed in social networking environment: Facebook groups, uses and gratifications, and social outcomes.CyberPsychology Behavior,12(6), pp.729-733. Parveen, F., 2012, July. Impact Of Social Media Usage On Organizations. InPACIS(p. 192). Qualman, E., 2010.Socialnomics: How social media transforms the way we live and do business. John Wiley Sons. Sashi, C.M., 2012. Customer engagement, buyer-seller relationships, and social media.Management decision,50(2), pp.253-272. Valente, T.W., 2010.Social networks and health: Models, methods, and applications. Oxford University Press. Vsquez, G.A.N. and Escamilla, E.M., 2014. Best practice in the use of social networks marketing strategy as in SMEs.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,148, pp.533-542.

Fahrenheit 451 Essays (770 words) - Fahrenheit 451,

Fahrenheit 451 John F. Kennedy once said, Conformity is jailer of freedom and the enemy of growth. This quote relates directly to the novel Fahrenheit 451, by Ray Bradbury. According to this statement, when a person is told how to live their own lives they often forget to make their own decisions, and they are no longer their own person. Conformity is following all commands and laws regardless of one's own beliefs. In the story, Guy Montag followed the rules set forth by the government, never second-guessing them. He never once thought of what these regulations really meant, or what the effects of his actions were. He never really experienced freedom. This quote expresses the changes that he made in his life. The book Fahrenheit 451, set in the future, shows rules that the world today would think of as outrageous laws. The most apparent law shown in the novel is that citizens of the country are unauthorized to own any type of book, or medium that expresses knowledge or the opinions of people. Although that this law is very well known in the land, it is often broken by those who refuse to give up reading books for entertainment or religious purposes. What the modern world's definition of a Fireman is today does not match the definition of a Fireman in this novel. Firemen in Fahrenheit 451 are employed with the sole purpose of starting fires as opposed to putting them out and saving lives. The fires started by these Firemen are provoked by reports that the owners of the building that is to be destroyed are hiding illegal books in the establishment. Guy Montag is a Fireman in this novel. He lives his whole life never thinking about what a book is or why it was so important for people to risk their lives to have them. His whole mindset on life changes when he meets an amazing girl named Clarisse McClellan. She begins to have Montag question his lifestyle and other aspects of life in general. This girl fully believes that she is has the right to live her own life, no matter what the rules of the government may be. McClellan begins to serve as an inspiration to Guy Montag. By the end of the story Montag has totally gone against the regulations of the government and his employers, and he begins a new, free life. Ray Bradbury, the author of Fahrenheit 451, uses many literary techniques to express the importance of freedom in a man's life. In the story Firemen, along with the government, are used as the antagonists of all problems that take place. The protagonist is at first Clarisse, and finally Montag, at the end. This shows that the character of Montag did change in the story after he no longer subsided to any rules. Irony was also used in this novel. This technique took place when Guy Montag, a Fireman, began to collect books and defy his country's laws. This was a very unpredictable and surprising situation for the reader. This irony pertains to the quote by explaining that once a man truly believes that he is free he no longer abides by ridiculous laws or regulations. The author of this story also compared the wife of Montag to her friends. Because the three women abided by the same laws, they each acted the same, and seemed to have identical personalities. The quote explains this by say ing that conformity is the enemy of growth. Therefore, Ray Bradbury wrote this novel exceptionally, and he used many different ways of writing to get his point across. In Conclusion, when one does not choose to live their own life, and they follow the rules set forth by others, neither change nor growth will occur in a person's life. Guy Montag, of the novel Fahrenheit 451, chose to live by this quote toward the end of the story. He learned that by following his own guidelines he would be the controller of the outcome of his life. Once he began to demonstrate actions that he felt were acceptable his personality changed enormously. The author of this novel, Ray Bradbury, did an admirable job expressing the changes that Montag experienced. He

Head Words

Head Words Head Words Head Words By Maeve Maddox English has several words that derive from caput, the Latin word for head. Here are just a few. The words cap, caparison, cape, and capuchin all trace their origin to a garment that was worn over the head. 1. cap Originally, the word referred to a hood. Unlike a hat, a cap does not have a brim. When a cap does not refer to something worn on a person’s head, it can mean something applied to the top of something. Bottles have caps, as do chimneys. 2. caparison A fancy covering for a horse is called a caparison. Medieval knights rode caparisoned horses in jousting tournaments. What’s the connection with head? The word comes from Medieval Latin caparo, which was a type of cape worn by old women; part of the cape covered the head. 3. cape Although now we think of a cape as fastening at the neck and hanging down around the shoulders, older capes included a part that covered the head, hence the name. 4. capuchin A Capuchin is a friar of the order of St. Francis. Capuchins got the name from the fact that they wore a cape called a capuchin; it included a hood. Capuchin monkeys are so-called because of black hair at the back of their heads; someone thought the patch of hair looks like a hood or cowl. 5. chaperon The Latin word caparo that gave us caparison also gives us our word chaperon. Originally the chaperon was a cap or hood worn by noblemen, but later it became a garment for women. I suppose that when the fashion was dropped by younger women, the older ones continued to wear them. In time chaperon came to mean an elderly woman who accompanies a young unmarried lady in public to protect her reputation. In current usage, a chaperon is any responsible person, man or woman, young or old, who accompanies younger people in a supervisory capacity. 6. per capita A legal term relating to inheritance, per capita is used generally to mean â€Å"on an individual basis†: The per capital GDP is a measure of the total output of a country that takes the gross domestic product (GDP) and divides it by the number of people in the country.   7. capital and Capitol As a noun, capital can mean â€Å"the head of a pillar or column,† or â€Å"the chief town in a region.† The first Capitol was the temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus on the Capitoline Hill in Rome. In general usage, the word could mean any citadel on the top of a hill. In American usage, â€Å"the Capitol† is the building occupied by the United States Congress in Washington D.C. Similar buildings occupied by state legislatures in the various states are also called Capitols. The state Capitol (building) is located in the state capital (city). As an adjective, capital means â€Å"very important.† In Roman law, â€Å"capital punishment† could be death, but it could also be exile and the loss of property and citizenship, things that made life worth living for a Roman. In current usage, a â€Å"capital offense† is a crime punishable by death. â€Å"Capital punishment† is â€Å"death by execution.† 8. capitate, decapitate, capitulate, chapter An adjective, capitate means â€Å"having a head.† In botany and zoology an organ or the long narrow part of an organ is said to be capitate if it has a distinct head-like knob at one end. Decapitate is a verb meaning to separate the head from the body. Chapter comes from the Latin word capitulum, â€Å"little head.† A chapter is the main division of a book. Capitulate looks as if it would have something to do with the Latin source of the word for capture, but it too is from caput. Agreements, including terms for a town’s surrender, were written out under headings. 9. capo, captain, chief, chef The leader of a branch of the Mafia is a capo, Italian for head. The Italian word comes from good old caput. A captain is the head of whatever group is being led. Both chief and chef also descend from caput; both words translate literally as head. In heraldry, the chief is the top of the shield. Among people, the chief occupies the head position. Chief entered English from French in the 14th century with the meaning head, as in leader; its cognate chef followed in the 19th century with the meaning, â€Å"head cook.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Yours faithfully or Yours sincerely?What to Do When Words Appear Twice in a RowWhat the Heck are "Peeps"?

Radical Shakespeare a new way of doing Shakespeare Essay

Radical Shakespeare a new way of doing Shakespeare - Essay Example e† and when used as a noun in terms of â€Å"a person who supports great social and political change.†2 Working from these definitions, it should not be surprising to learn that â€Å"radical theatre aims to make extreme changes in existing views, habits, conditions or institutions.†3 However, this simple definition is deceptive as the concept of radical theatre becomes much more complex in the various ways through which this alternative approach might be applied – whether by protest, aesthetic differences or through other forms of expression. In his pamphlet discussing the various forms of radical theatre, Richard Walsh identifies three distinct approaches to radical theatre that can be generally classified as aesthetics defining politics, politics defining aesthetics, and aesthetics obscuring politics – â€Å"the social and political dimensions of theatre were truncated to allow an exploration of the encounter between the theatrical medium and the individual perceiving mind.†4 This idea of the use of the term radical to describe the theatre can be best understood by examining the work of a radical director such as Peter Brook. Therefore, this essay will consider in which ways, and to what extent, the work of Peter Brook can be regarded as radical. In order to develop an understanding of the radical changes that Peter Brook and others brought to the stage, it is necessary to first have a concept of the world of theatre as it existed before Brook entered the scene. The commercial structure of early British post-war theatre was characterized by the classical teachings of the upper/middle classes who felt theatre should reflect a particular adherence to tradition. Coming out of the war, much of Britain’s mainstream theatre was dominated by the ideologies of a relative minority of commercial businesses who were merely seeking a profit rather than being overly concerned with any kind of artistic achievement. If a theatre company wished to garner the